Ancient Aptera: From Hellenistic Archers to Roman Prosperity and Decline

The name is likely connected to the goddess Artemis. Positioned at the entrance of Souda Bay, Ancient Aptera thrived, gaining significant commercial and economic influence, which further fortified its two ports, Kissamos (Kalami-Kalives area) and Minoa (modern-day Marathi). Geometric burials discovered in its western cemetery suggest its establishment in the 8^th century BC, while its peak prosperity began around the 4^th century BC, evident in the construction of a formidable 3,480-metre-long fortification wall enclosing the city.

During Hellenistic times, the people of Aptera earned a reputation as skilled archers, becoming highly desirable as mercenaries. The city's coinage was introduced in the late 4^th century BC. In Roman times, Aptera experienced a revival with numerous public works, some of which are still impressive today, such as the well-preserved baths and monumental cisterns. However, its decline began in the 3^rd century AD and was further exacerbated by a devastating earthquake in 365 AD. The city's final abandonment occurred in the 7^th century, brought about by another destructive earthquake.

Photo: Incredible Crete/ wikipedia